As a seasoned outdoor writer and adventurer with over a decade spent exploring the American backcountry, I’ve had the chance to test and evaluate a wide range of firearms. One cartridge that consistently sparks debate and proves surprisingly versatile is the .22 WMR (Winchester Magnum Rimfire), often referred to as the 22 mag. This isn’t your grandfather’s .22 Long Rifle. We’ll dive deep into everything you need to know about this biggest rimfire cartridge, from its ballistics and hunting applications to its historical context and comparisons with other popular rounds. Whether you're considering a 22 wmr gun for small game, pest control, or even potentially deer hunting, this guide will provide the information you need.
What is the .22 WMR? A History and Overview
The .22 WMR was introduced in 1959 by Winchester as a higher-velocity alternative to the .22 Long Rifle. It achieves this increased velocity by utilizing a longer case, allowing for more powder. This translates to flatter trajectories, increased energy, and extended effective range. Initially marketed as a superior varmint and small game round, the .22 Winchester Rimfire quickly gained popularity. Its appeal lies in its relatively low recoil, affordability (compared to centerfire cartridges), and impressive performance at longer distances. You’ll find 22 mag rifles and handguns from numerous manufacturers, including Remington, Ruger, and Marlin.
.22 WMR Ballistics: Understanding the Numbers
Let's get into the specifics. Understanding the ballistics of the 22 magnum is crucial for accurate shooting and ethical hunting. Here's a breakdown, using common CCI 22 magnum ballistics chart data and Federal Premium data (as of late 2023):
Common .22 WMR Loads and Performance
- Federal Punch 22 WMR 40 Grain: Muzzle Velocity: 1875 fps, Muzzle Energy: 275 ft-lbs
- CCI Maxi-Mag 40 Grain: Muzzle Velocity: 1875 fps, Muzzle Energy: 275 ft-lbs
- Federal 50 Grain 22 Magnum Ammo: Muzzle Velocity: 1620 fps, Muzzle Energy: 325 ft-lbs
- Winchester Super-X 40 Grain: Muzzle Velocity: 1875 fps, Muzzle Energy: 275 ft-lbs
As you can see, the 50-grain loads generally deliver more energy, but at a slightly lower velocity. A 22 magnum trajectory chart is essential for accurate shooting at varying distances. For example, a 40-grain load zeroed at 25 yards will drop approximately 3.5 inches at 100 yards and 9 inches at 200 yards. (These figures are approximate and can vary based on atmospheric conditions and specific ammunition.) You can find detailed 22 mag trajectory chart calculators online at websites like Ballistic Studies.
.22 WMR vs. .22 LR: A Direct Comparison
The .22 LR is the standard for rimfire cartridges. Here’s how the 22 wmr vs 22 lr stacks up:
| Characteristic | .22 LR | .22 WMR |
|---|---|---|
| Muzzle Velocity (Typical) | 1200-1600 fps | 1800-2000+ fps |
| Muzzle Energy (Typical) | 120-175 ft-lbs | 275-350 ft-lbs |
| Effective Range | 75-100 yards | 125-150+ yards |
| Trajectory | More curved | Flatter |
The .22 WMR offers significantly more velocity, energy, and a flatter trajectory, making it suitable for longer-range shooting and larger game. However, it’s also generally more expensive than .22 LR ammunition.
Hunting with the .22 WMR: What Can You Take?
The question of “will a 22 magnum kill a deer?” is a common one. The answer is… it depends. While it’s legal to hunt deer with a .22 WMR in some states (always check your local regulations – see National Park Service Hunting Regulations), it’s not ideal. Ethical deer hunting requires a cartridge capable of delivering a quick, humane kill. The .22 WMR, while capable of harvesting deer, requires precise shot placement – a head or neck shot is generally recommended. Many hunters prefer larger cartridges for deer.
Where the 22 mag truly shines is in small game hunting. It’s excellent for:
- Squirrels: The flat trajectory makes for easy shots in the trees.
- Rabbits & Hares: Effective range allows for longer shots in open fields.
- Foxes & Coyotes: The increased energy can be effective, especially with heavier grain bullets. The best 22 mag ammo for coyotes often includes heavier, expanding bullets.
- Groundhogs: A popular choice for varmint control.
Some hunters also use 22 mag bird shot for close-range bird hunting, though it’s less common than using dedicated shotgun loads.
.22 WMR vs. Other Cartridges: How Does it Stack Up?
Let’s compare the .22 WMR to some other popular cartridges:
.22 WMR vs. .22 Hornet
The .22 hornet vs 22 mag debate is a long-standing one. The .22 Hornet generally offers superior ballistics, with higher velocity and energy. However, the .22 WMR is more readily available and typically less expensive. The 22 hornet ballistics chart will show a flatter trajectory and greater range than the .22 WMR.
.22 WMR vs. 9mm
The .22 magnum vs 9mm comparison is almost unfair. The 9mm is a centerfire pistol cartridge designed for self-defense and larger game. It delivers significantly more energy and stopping power than the .22 WMR. The 9mm is a completely different class of cartridge.
.22 WMR vs. .22 WRF
The .22 wrf vs 22 mag is a closer comparison. The .22 WRF (Winchester Rimfire) is another rimfire cartridge, offering more velocity and energy than the .22 LR, but less than the .22 WMR. The 22 wrf cartridge is often used for longer-range varmint shooting. It’s important to note that you can not shoot 22lr in 22mag, and you should never attempt to chamber the wrong cartridge in a firearm.
Choosing the Right .22 WMR Ammunition
The most accurate 22 mag ammo will vary depending on your rifle. However, some popular choices include:
- CCI Maxi-Mag: A consistent performer known for its accuracy.
- Federal Premium: Offers a variety of loads for different applications.
- Winchester Super-X: A reliable and affordable option.
Experiment with different brands and grain weights to find what shoots best in your firearm. Consider the intended use – heavier bullets (like the 50-grain) are better for larger varmints, while lighter bullets (40-grain) offer flatter trajectories.
.22 WMR Rifles and Handguns: What’s Available?
You’ll find a wide range of 22 mag guns available. Popular options include:
- Remington 22 magnum bolt action rifle: Known for accuracy and reliability.
- Ruger 10/22 Magnum: A versatile and popular semi-automatic rifle.
- Marlin 22 Magnum: A classic lever-action rifle.
- Winchester 22 revolver: A fun and compact option for small game.
- wmr 22 pistol: Several manufacturers offer semi-automatic pistols chambered in .22 WMR.
Safety First: Responsible Firearm Handling
Always practice safe firearm handling. Follow the four rules of firearm safety:
- Always treat every gun as if it is loaded.
- Never point a gun at anything you do not intend to shoot.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
- Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
The .22 WMR is a capable and versatile cartridge that deserves consideration for a variety of outdoor applications. By understanding its ballistics, limitations, and ethical hunting considerations, you can make an informed decision and enjoy the benefits this rimfire round has to offer. For more information on responsible hunting practices, consult your state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.